Bibliographie
Leväsvirta, Leena (1999). Kuntien hallinto muuttuvassa toimintaympäristössä. (The Municipal Government in a Changing Operational Environment). Helsinki: Suomen Kuntaliitto, Acta 114. Leväsvirta's dissertation tackled two main issues. Firstly, the changes in the roles and the division of labour between political decision-makers and top civil servants in the municipalities in the 1990's.
The research data consisted of questionnaires sent to actors in 16 municipalities. The results point to similarities, but also differences between the two groups of actors: the politician's role is foremost ideological, whilst the civil servant represents a professional expert in her/his role as a representative of the local government. There is also an influential group of so-called double agents. The municipal executive board has also clearly become the most influential decision-making body at the local level, at the expense of the local council. The second issue dealt with the question whether the municipalities have changed their management structure to match the operational environment, as suggested by contingency theory. Leväsvirta concludes that environmental factors have made the municipalities adjust their organisational structure, resulting in an organisation characterised by the increasing power of the civil servants and thus, displaying the features of a professional bureaucracy. In stable conditions, politicians have delegated the strategic management to civil servants and represent themselves ideological leadership. In complex and dynamic environments power has been decentralised and civil servants have also a more prominent ideological role.
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