Bibliographie
Westman, Anna Liisa (2000): Under the Northern Lights. The Reflection of Gender on the Career of Women Managers in Finnish Municipalities. Joensuu: Publications in Social Sciences 43, University of Joensuu.
Westman's dissertation focussed on studying the career paths, management styles and the perceptions of work by female managers in Finnish municipalities. The data consisted of 26 in-depth qualitative interviews with women managers, i.e. almost all of the targeted group. The interviewees showed a variety of educational and family backgrounds and career path patterns. However, an education in local government studies, a previous career as a municipal secretary (i.e. as an administrative manager) and a history of an active political career emerged most often. The interviewees had very different personal family situations, but the significance of a supportive husband was stressed. Also, the support of political parties was needed for the women to gain the position as a municipal manager. On the basis of a model of feminine, androgen and masculine leadership styles, Westman evaluated that Finnish women managers most often attempt to behave in feminine or androgen way, although sometimes pushed by cultural norms towards masculine behaviour. The promotion of other women or of equality policies at the municipal level by women managers has been minimal, although the possibilities for that do exist.
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